The life-cycle of the sea squirt is unique and instructive. As a free-swimming larva it has a three-hundred cell nervous system with sensors, a spinal cord, and an organ of balance which helps it find a suitable location for reproduction. Upon finding such a location, it lodges itself into the sand and proceeds to most… Continue reading In the beginning…
Category: Psychology
Mind Through Matter
Cognition - the ability to detect, record, and assimilate salient features of environments - is a fundamental feature of all biological agents. It enables organisms to move from a perpetually reactive state to one that is predictive, it decreases surprise and novelty, and its products reduce the demands of physiological and psychological homeostasis. Utilizing the… Continue reading Mind Through Matter
Plastic Brains
To qualify as a licensed London taxi driver, trainees require comprehensive training and testing that typically takes three to four years. Drivers need to commit to memory and learn the mishmashed layout of approximately 25,000 streets, the location of thousands of landmarks, and the quickest way to navigate between any points in the city. In… Continue reading Plastic Brains
The Study of Others
As fundamentally social primates living in and dependent on exceptionally large and heterogeneous groups, other humans are among the most important features of the environment for humans. For humans, having the capacity to infer the intentions, goals, and feelings of others is essential for the Darwinian goals of survival and reproduction. In fact, the networked… Continue reading The Study of Others
The Study of Self
Cover: Strangers to Ourselves The philosopher Karl Jaspers introduced the concept of the Axial Age to describe convergent movements in thought that occurred across the Old World from the Greco-Roman to the Indian and Chinese. This period from approximately 8th century to the 3rd century BCE was the documented birth of the study of self.… Continue reading The Study of Self
Feelings Felt
We learn early in our education about the five senses - visual, auditory, gustatory, tactile, and olfactory. This processing of information from the “external environment” is termed exteroception. Intermittently, salient sights, sounds, tastes, smells, or touches enter our awareness but for the most part exteroception happens subconsciously. However, the brain not only monitors the external… Continue reading Feelings Felt
Language and Its Discontents
Ludwig Wittgenstein wrote, “the limits of my language mean the limits of my world.” Fortunately, human communication carries multiple layers of signals - verbal and non-verbal, conscious and subconscious - with language or consciousness representing summarizations of all those signals. Similarly, the patient-physician interaction also is laden with signals. Even without considering the vagaries of… Continue reading Language and Its Discontents
Culture Clash
William Faulkner wrote, “all human behavior is unpredictable, and considering man’s frailty...and the ramshackle universe he functions in, it’s all irrational.” Despite this claim, scientists from disciplines ranging from economics and mathematics to anthropology and psychology have laboriously attempted to uncover patterns within the morass. Game theory is one such approach that starts with the… Continue reading Culture Clash
I err, therefore I am
When talking about the human mental capabilities, in The Symbolic Species, Terrence Deacon stated that “biologically, we are just another ape. Mentally, we are new phylum of organism.” This wondrous and unfathomably complex organ - the brain - has enabled us to become the most dominant species of the planet. With a unique capacity to… Continue reading I err, therefore I am
Carrots & Sticks
In my last essay, I not only described the historical underpinnings of the model of homo economicus but also described it as a foundational element of modern economic theory. Homo economicus is the smallest unit of analysis in economic theory and is characterized as a solitary agent, calculating in his utility, solely driven by competition,… Continue reading Carrots & Sticks
The Map is not the Territory
It is hard to even fathom let alone comprehend the size, scale, and complexity of the universe. It takes light 91 billion years to traverse the diameter of the observable universe. That is approximately six times longer than the age of the universe itself. Similarly, the amount of information in the world vastly overwhelms the… Continue reading The Map is not the Territory
Stereotypes
Humans are natural pattern recognition machines. We have an evolved instinct not only to recognize different patterns but also to categorize and store these patterns in order to make future predictions. In fact, this ability to recognize and represent patterns to draw a variety of intuitive inferences could be the defining and most original characteristic… Continue reading Stereotypes
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