Science and industrialization share a deep historical and intellectual connection. In many ways, they are a pair of “ways of seeing” that emerged and coevolved between the 17th and 19th century. The laws of thermodynamics and steam power co-developed, the discovery, explanation, and control of electromagnetism was the prime driver of how factories came to… Continue reading A Factory or a Forest?
Tag: Machine
A Clock or a Cloud?
The philosopher of science Karl Popper created a framework of natural systems using the metaphors of clocks and clouds. In this framework, a clock-like system is one that is mechanical, linear, and predictable. Its organization can be decomposed into and recomposed from smaller components. On the other hand, a cloud-like system is one that is… Continue reading A Clock or a Cloud?
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